A ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyoithimba ingqalelo neenkcukacha zayo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neengoma ezivumelanayo. Amagcisa anobuchule achitha iinyanga esenza icwecwe ngalinye, edibanisa ubuchule bomculo kunye nobuchule obuphambili. Nokuba inikwe njengeibhokisi yomculo isipho somtshato, eboniswe njengeibhokisi yomculo weKrisimesi ngamaplanga, okanye yonwabele njengeibhokisi yomculo yokudlala i-carousel yamaplanga, yonkeibhokisi yomculo yesiko lamaplangaibonisa ubunewunewu nesithethe.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
- Iibhokisi zomculo eziqingqiweyo zaqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwaye zavela kwizixhobo ezilula zomculo zaba yimisebenzi yobugcisa eneenkcukacha.ubugcisa bezakhonokunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe.
- Ezi bhokisi zomculo zifanekisela ubuhle kunye neemvakalelo, zihlala zixabiswa njengelifa lentsapho kunyeixatyiswe ngabaqokelelingenxa yobuhle, ukunqaba, kunye nembali etyebileyo.
- Amagcisa anamhlanje kunye nabavelisi bayaqhubeka nokudibanisa isiko kunye nezinto ezintsha, ukugcina iibhokisi zomculo eziqingqiweyo ezifanelekileyo kubugcisa, inkcubeko kunye nomculo namhlanje.
Imvelaphi kunye neNguqulelo yobuGcisa yeBhokisi yoMculo oQotyiweyo
Izinto zangaphambili kunye nokuzalwa kweBhokisi yoMculo oqingqiweyo
Ibali lebhokisi lomculo eliqingqiweyo liqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngowe-1811, amagcisa eSainte-Croix, eSwitzerland, avelisa iibhokisi zomculo zokuqala ezibhaliweyo. Le mifuziselo yangaphambili ayizange ibonise imizobo ecokisekileyo, kodwa yaseka isiseko sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lobugcisa. Iinkampani zaseSwitzerland, ezifana neReuge, zadlala indima enkulu ekubumbeni ishishini lebhokisi lomculo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, aba benzi bazisa ubuchule bokukrola umthi kunye nokufakwa, ukuguqula izixhobo zomculo ezilula zibe bubuncwane bokuhombisa. Njengoko imfuno yoyilo oluhonjisiweyo yayikhula, amagcisa eSwitzerland aqalisa ukongeza iinkcukacha ezintsonkothileyo kwibhokisi nganye, esenza yonke ibhokisi yomculo ekroliweyo ibe ngumsebenzi wobugcisa owahlukileyo.
Abavelisi abaliqela kunye neengcibi baye banegalelo ekunyukeni kwebhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo eUnited States ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni kwama-20.
- UTerrell Robinson (TR) Goodman, umchweli waseTennessee, wakha iibhokisi zomculo zakudala kwaye wadlulisela izakhono zakhe kusapho lwakhe.
- UJohn Pevahouse, naye ovela eTennessee, wayila amakhulu eebhokisi zomculo ezikroliweyo, esebenzisa izikhonkwane zomthi kunye nezikhonkwane ezenziwe ngesandla.
- Usapho lakwaGoodman, kuquka uDee noGeorge Goodman, baye baziwa ngokwakha nokuthengisa ezi bhokisi, besoloko beziphawula ngemihla yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1880.
- UHenry Steele kunye noJoe Steele baqhubekile nesiko ukuya phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20, besenza iidulcimers kunye neebhokisi zomculo ezinobugcisa obufanayo.
Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha kunye nokuPhakamisa koYilo lweBhokisi yoMculo oqingqiweyo
Inkulungwane ye-19 yabona inkqubela ekhawulezileyo yezobuchwepheshe eyatshintsha uyilo kunye nomsebenzi webhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo. Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-cylinder ukuya kwiinkqubo zediski kuvumele iibhokisi zomculo ukuba zidlale ixesha elide kunye neengoma ezahlukeneyo. Abanini ngoku banokutshintshana iidiski okanye iisilinda ukuze banandiphe iingoma ezahlukeneyo. INguquko yezoShishino yeza noomatshini abaqhutywa ngumphunga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukwenziwa kwezinto ezinkulu kwenzeke. Oku kwanciphisa iindleko kwaza kwenza ukuba iibhokisi zomculo zifikeleleke ngakumbi kwiintsapho ehlabathini lonke.
Ubuchwephesha bokwenza iiwotshi zaseSwitzerland buphucule umgangatho wesandi kunye nokuchaneka koomatshini beebhokisi zomculo. Abavelisi baqalisa ukusebenzisa izinto ezixabisekileyo kwaye bongeza imizobo ecokisekileyo, beguqula ibhokisi yomculo ekroliweyo ibe ngumqondiso wesimo nencasa. Izinto ezintsha ezifana ne-automata yomculo kunye neemodeli ezisebenza ngemali yemali zandise umtsalane weebhokisi zomculo, zizenza zidume kuzo zombini izindlu kunye neendawo zoluntu.
Qaphela: Ukungeniswa kwezinto ezitsha kutshintshe inkangeleko kunye nomsebenzi webhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa indlela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibuchaphazele ngayo obu buncwane bomculo.
| Izinto eziphathekayo | Impembelelo yobuhle | Impembelelo esebenzayo |
|---|---|---|
| Iinkuni | I-Classic, ifudumele, imbonakalo yendalo; iinketho ezintle zokugqiba | Ukuqina kancinci; ifuna ukulungiswa; uvakalelo kukufuma nobushushu |
| Isinyithi | Imbonakalo yangoku, ebukekayo, eyomeleleyo | Yomelele kakhulu; ilungele indawo ezingqongileyo; inzima kwaye iyabiza |
| Iplastiki | Zininzi ngombala kunye noyilo; ilula | Isebenza kakuhle emalini; kulula ukwenza; Ihlala ihleli kwaye ityebile kancinci xa ithelekiswa nemithi okanye intsimbi |
I-Ningbo Yunsheng Musical Movement Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Inkampani ivelisa iibhokisi zomculo ezibonisa ubuchwephesha beklasiki kunye nezinto ezintsha zale mihla.
Ixesha leGolide leBhokisi yoMculo eQotyiweyo
Inkulungwane ye-19 ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yiGolden Age yebhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo. Ngeli xesha, abaqulunqi bavelisa iibhokisi zomculo ngobukhulu obuninzi kunye nemilo, ukusuka kwiimodeli ezincinci zepokotho ukuya kwiikhabhinethi ezinkulu. Ukuphuculwa koomatshini, okufana neesilinda ezinkulu kunye nezikhonkwane ezininzi, kuvumeleke iingoma ezityebileyo kunye neengoma ezintsonkothileyo. Amagcisa ahombisa ezi bhokisi ngemizobo eneenkcukacha kunye neinlay, ezijika zibe zizinto zodidi lwabaqokeleli kunye nabathandi bomculo.
Ukudityaniswa kobuchule bobugcisa kunye nombono wobugcisa wenza ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo isimboli sokucokisa. Abantu babezixabisa ezi zinto kungekuphela nje ngenxa yomculo wabo kodwa nangobuhle bazo. Ilifa leli xesha lihlala kumsebenzi weenkampani zanamhlanje kunye namagcisa aqhubeka edala iibhokisi zomculo ezidibanisa isithethe kunye nezinto ezintsha.
Ukubaluleka kweNkcubeko kunye neLifa lanamhlanje leBhokisi yoMculo oqingqiweyo
Ibhokisi yoMculo eQotyiweyo njengophawu lokucokisa kunye noluvo
Kuyo yonke imbali, ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo imile njengophawu lobuhle kunye nokunxibelelana ngokweemvakalelo. Abantu bahlala benxulumanisa ezi zinto kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo zobomi, njengemitshato, izikhumbuzo kunye neeholide. Imizobo eneenkcukacha ezikroliweyo kunye neengoma zomculo zivuselela iinkumbulo kwaye zenze imvakalelo yokulangazelela. Iintsapho ezininzi zigqithisa iibhokisi zomculo njengeendlalifa ezixabisekileyo, ezidibanisa izizukulwana ngamava ekwabelwana ngawo.
Abaqokeleli kunye nabathandi bemizobo bayayixabisa ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo ngobuchule bayo kunye nexabiso leemvakalelo. Uyilo oluntsonkothileyo nolwakhiwo ngononophelo lubonakalisa ukuzinikela kubuhle nakwisithethe. Kumaxesha anamhlanje, amagcisa ayaqhubeka esebenzisa iibhokisi zomculo ukubonisa imixholo yekhaya, inkumbulo, nobuntu bomntu. Ngokomzekelo, ukufakela kukaCatherine Grisez, "Ukwakhiwa koKwakha," kubonisa imifanekiso engama-200 yeebhokisi zomculo. Ityhubhu nganye yentsimbi iqulethe isitshixo esinemixholo yeentaka yobhedu kwaye ibalisa ibali elikhethekileyo malunga nombono wekhaya. Iindwendwe zinxibelelana neebhokisi, zijika izitshixo zokutyhila umculo kunye neenkcukacha zangaphakathi. Olu fakelo luqaqambisa indlela ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo ehlala isisimboli esinamandla sokucokisa kunye neemvakalelo ezinzulu.
Ukuqokelela kunye nokugcina iBhokisi yoMculo eQiweyo namhlanje
Ihlabathi lokuqokelela iibhokisi zomculo liyachuma ngenxa yothando lwabathandi kunye nenkxaso yemibutho ezinikeleyo. Uluntu oluninzi kunye neemyuziyam zinceda abaqokeleli ukugcina nokubuyisela obu buncwane bomatshini. Amanye awona maqela asebenzayo aquka:
- I-AMICA (i-Automatic Musical Instrument Collectors 'Association), enika iqonga labaqokeleli kunye nabagcini.
- I-Musical Box Society International (MBSI), ikhonza abantu abathanda ihlabathi jikelele.
- I-Musical Box Society of Great Britain, exhasa abaqokeleli e-UK.
- I-International Association of Mechanical Music Preservationists (IAMMP), egxile ekugcinweni.
- Iimyuziyam ezifana neMyuziyam yaseBayenhof, i-Herschell Carousel Factory Museum, kunye ne-Morris Museum, ebonisa kunye nokunyamekela iibhokisi zomculo zembali.
- Izixhobo ze-intanethi ezifana ne-Mechanical Music Digest kunye ne-Mechanical Music Radio, edibanisa abaqokeleli kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi.
- Iingcali zokubuyisela, ezinjengoBob Yorburg, osebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekulungiseni iibhokisi zomculo oqingqiweyo kunye nokugcinwa.
Abaqokeleli basoloko befuna iziqwenga ezinqabileyo nezixabisekileyo. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa ezinye zeebhokisi zomculo eziqingqiweyo eziphawulekayo ezithengiswa kwifandesi kunye nezinto ezinegalelo kwixabiso labo eliphezulu:
| Imodeli yeBhokisi yoMculo | Ixabiso leFandesi (USD) | Umenzi/Imvelaphi | Iimpawu eziqaphelekayo kunye neMiba eGalela kwiXabiso |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibhokisi yoMculo yeMermod Cylinder | $128,500 | UMermod Frères, eSwitzerland | Ibhokisi yomculo yesilinda samandulo esinqabileyo, ikhabhathi efakwe iburl walnut, ibhabhathane automaton kunye neentombi ezidanisayo, ubugcisa obugqwesileyo |
| UCharles Bruguier Oiseau Chantant Box | $72,500 | UCharles Bruguier, eSwitzerland | Yenziwe ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwi-tortoiseshell, ibhokisi yentaka yokuqala yaseSwitzerland automaton, umenzi wembali usapho ukusuka kwi-1700s-1800s |
Elinye lamaxabiso aphakamileyo efandesi awakhe arekhodwa yayiye-Hupfeld Super Pan Model III Pan Orchestra, ethengiswe nge-495,000 yeedola ngo-2012. Izinto ezifana nokunqaba, ubudala, ukuntsokotha komatshini, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintle ezifana neenkuni ezingaqhelekanga kunye neentsimbi ziqhuba ixabiso lezi bhokisi zomculo. I-nostalgia kunye nokuthabatheka kumculo womatshini nako kudlala indima ephambili ekunqwenelweni kwabo.
Ningbo Yunsheng Musical Movement Manufacturing Co., Ltd.iyaqhubeka nokuxhasa abaqokeleli kunye nabanomdla ngokuvelisa iibhokisi zomculo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezidibanisa ubugcisa bemveli kunye nobuchwepheshe bale mihla. Ukuzibophezela kwabo kumsebenzi wezandla kuqinisekisa ukuba ilifa lebhokisi lomculo eliqingqiweyo lihlala lihlala kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Impembelelo engapheliyo yeBhokisi yoMculo oqingqiweyo kwi-Contemporary Art
Abaculi kunye neemvumi namhlanje bafumana iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa ibhokisi yomculo oqingqiweyo kwi-multimedia kunye neeprojekthi ezisebenzisanayo. Ezi zinto zisebenza njengemithombo yomsindo kunye nempembelelo ebonakalayo. Umzekelo, igcisa uCraig Harris usebenzisa iibhokisi zomculo wepiyano ezincinci kuthotho lwakhe “loMculo weBhokisi yeeNguqulelo”. Utshintsha izikhonkwane kwaye atshintshe amacandelo ukwenza iingoma ezintsha kunye nesandi. Ezi zandi zitshintshileyo ziba yinxalenye yemidlalo entywilayo, efana nemveliso yethiyetha yomdaniso "Sleeping Beauty." Kulo mboniso, izandi zebhokisi zomculo ezicutshungulweyo zinceda ukubalisa ibali lomlinganiswa ovukayo kwimyuziyam yanamhlanje.
Ufakelo lwakutsha nje, njengoCatherine Grisez "Ulwakhiwo loKwakha," beka iibhokisi zomculo eziqingqiweyo embindini wobugcisa bokusebenzisana. Iindwendwe zibandakanya iibhokisi, zifumanisa umculo kunye namabali afihliweyo ngaphakathi. Ufakelo luphonononga imixholo yekhaya, ukwamkelwa, kunye namava obuqu, usebenzisa ibhokisi yomculo njengebhulorho phakathi kwesithethe kunye nezinto ezintsha.
Icebiso: Iibhokisi zomculo ezikroliweyo ziyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza amagcisa kuba zidibanisa izandi zoomatshini eziqhelekileyo kunye nokwenzeka kokuyila okungapheliyo. Ubukho babo kubugcisa bale mihla bubonisa ukuba ezi zinto zihlala zifanelekile kwaye zinentsingiselo.
Ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo ime njengekhonkco phakathi kwexesha elidlulileyo nelikhoyo. Idibanisa ubugcisa bemveli kunye nemiboniso emitsha yobugcisa, iqinisekisa indawo yayo kwimbali yenkcubeko kunye nobuchule bexesha langoku.
Ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo ime njengophawu oluhlala luhleli lobugcisa kunye neemvakalelo. Abaqokeleli bayaluxabisa uyilo lwayo oluneenkcukacha kunye nembali etyebileyo. Isiqwenga ngasinye sibalisa ibali. Iintsapho zizixabisa kangangezizukulwana ezi bhokisi. Ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza kunye nokudibanisa abantu ngexesha lonke.
FAQ
Yintoni eyenza ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo ixabiseke kubaqokeleli?
Abaqokeleli baxabisa iibhokisi zomculo eziqingqiweyo ngobuchule babo, ukunqaba, ubudala, kunye noyilo olulodwa. Iibhokisi ezineendlela zokuqala kunye nemizobo eneenkcukacha zihlala ziyalela amaxabiso aphezulu.
Umntu ufanele ayikhathalele njani ibhokisi yomculo eqingqiweyo?
Abanini kufuneka bagcine iibhokisi zomculo kude nokufuma kunye nelanga elithe ngqo. Ukuhlamba rhoqo ngelaphu elithambileyo kunceda ukugcina umthi kunye nemizobo.
Ngaba amagcisa ale mihla anokwenza iibhokisi zomculo eziqingqiweyo?
Ewe. Amagcisa amaninzi anamhlanje ayile iibhokisi zomculo eziqingqiweyo. Basebenzisa zombini ukukrola ngesandla kunye netekhnoloji yanamhlanje ukwenza iziqwenga ezizodwa, ezenzelwe wena.
Ingcebiso: Soloko udibana nengcali yokubuyisela phambi kokuba uzame ukulungisa iibhokisi zomculo zakudala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-22-2025